November 19, 2020
Extensive research on photovoltaics (PV) cooperating with energy storage systems are conducted all over the world. For example, in reference [27] the authors show a PV installation connected with a hydrogen production system. Paper demonstrates that with a proper design of the system proposed by the authors it can operate correctly charging the batteries, supplying the electrolyzer, and occasionally producing excess electricity. The paper [28] presents a self-sufficient solution for residential buildings with photovoltaic and battery storage systems. Model presented by the authors included hybrid PV and hydrogen fuel cell installation with a battery energy storage unit for system optimization. In reference [29] a study of optimum design, size, and economic analysis of photovoltaic installations with a battery system and a standalone photovoltaic with battery and hydrogen production are shown. In another reference [30] authors proposed the photovoltaic-hydrogen-fuel cell installation as a solution for reactive power control and optimization solution which can help improve the quality of supplied power. Another PV-H2 installation is presented by the authors in [31]. The research shows two solutions—with and without batteries’ subsystem, as well as two different locations to find the best balance between the efficiency and sizes of the installations. Photovoltaic systems are also frequently connected with wind installations in hybrid units for hydrogen production [32,33]. Review of recent trends in optimization techniques for PV-wind hybrid energy systems are presented in [34]. Solutions for systems containing photovoltaic installations with Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers for hydrogen production are presented in [35,36,37].