Colombia’s hydro-based electricity accounts for 55-80% of supply; however, it is heavily reliant on fossil fuels for transport and industry, with oil accounting for 42%. The hydro power makes the grid vulnerable to El Niño droughts.

Colombia is also positioning itself as a leader in Latin American green hydrogen, targeting 1-3 GW of electrolysis capacity by 2030 and over 30 projects underway. The Ministry of Mines and Energy states that Colombia is interested in green hydrogen, however it does not list any ongoing projects.

Colombia has confirmed significant natural (“white”) hydrogen discoveries in the Cordillera Oriental and Sinú-San Jacinto basins, marking a major milestone in Latin America. Studies, including data from the Macanal-1X well (36,110 ppm H2), indicate potential for low-cost, emission-free, naturally occurring hydrogen. The government is developing a regulatory framework for exploration.