Madagascar’s energy mix is dominated by traditional biomass, which accounts for approximately 80% to 86% of its total energy supply. Fossil fuels, mainly imported oil and coal, provide much of the remaining energy, primarily for transportation and industrial use. Although Madagascar has untapped domestic reserves, it relies on imported petroleum for transportation and thermal power. Currently, only about 25% of the population has access to electricity, and the national energy mix remains heavily dependent on biofuels and waste (85%).

Madagascar is currently exploring the feasibility of a green hydrogen economy to address its chronic energy deficit and leverage its vast renewable resources. Research indicates that Madagascar could achieve a highly competitive levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) of approximately US$1.84/kg, one of the lowest projected costs in the region. The island possesses abundant solar, wind, and hydropower potential, which are the primary inputs for green hydrogen production. Coastal areas are particularly noted for promising offshore wind prospects.

As of 2026 there is no information indicating that Madagascar is producing green hydrogen by electrolysis of seawater.