Malawi’s energy mix is characterized by an extreme reliance on biomass (firewood and charcoal), which accounts for approximately 80% to 97% of total primary energy supply. For electricity, the country depends almost entirely on hydropower, making the grid highly vulnerable to climate-related disruptions and droughts.

Malawi is exploring green hydrogen, primarily focused on pilot projects for sustainable energy. In late 2025, Mwanza District Hospital became a pioneering site in Malawi, featuring a system that combines a solar microgrid with electrolyzers to generate green hydrogen for cooking, replacing biomass.