The United States energy mix is characterized by a heavy reliance on fossil fuels, which accounted for approximately 83%–84% of total primary energy consumption in 2023. While natural gas and renewables are growing, petroleum remains the most consumed single source, primarily due to its dominance in the transportation sector.

The U.S. is rapidly scaling its green hydrogen industry, with 14+ major projects aiming for operation by 2030 and a goal to produce over 10 million metric tons annually by 2032. Supported by $8 billion in Bipartisan Infrastructure Law funding and Inflation Reduction Act tax credits, key projects are concentrated in Texas, Louisiana, and California, focusing on industrial, transportation, and energy storage applications.

Green hydrogen, made via electrolysis with renewable electricity, is transitioning from pilot to industrial-scale projects, with 76+ projects in development over the next five years. The Department of Energy (DOE) announced seven Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs (H2Hubs) to accelerate production. Major projects are, or will be, located in California, Louisiana, Alabama, and Texas. The 2023 National Clean Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap aims to reduce costs to $1 per 1 kilogram in one decade. The IRA offers tax credits up to $3 per kg for meeting strict emission standards.

White hydrogen: Active exploration and projects are underway, with significant potential reported in areas like Kansas.