Question:

Given: a recent breakthrough of researchers at the University of Adelaide has yielded an electrolysis process that is 100% efficient with a catalyst that prevents the anode and cathode from decay; the amount of hydrogen desired is 611,800,000,000 kg per year; the temperature of the seawater is 60 degrees C; the salinity of the water is 35 parts per thousand; the voltage used in the process is 1.87 V; the intensity of sunlight is 7.5 peak solar hours per day. Assuming the above parameters are correct, how much solar energy would be required during the time frame specified?

Answer:

Let’s calculate the solar energy required, given the assumption of 100% electrolysis efficiency:

1. Energy for Electrolysis
2. The theoretical energy calculation is 1.095 x 10¹⁷ Joules.
3. Hours of sunlight per year: 7.5 hours/day * 365 days/year = 2737.5 hours/year.
4. Seconds of sunlight per year: 2737.5 hours/year * 3600 seconds/hour = 9.86 x 10⁶ seconds/year

Required Solar Power

• Power (Watts) = Energy (Joules) / Time (seconds)
• Power = 1.095 x 10¹⁷ J / 9.86 x 10⁶ s = 1.11 x 10¹⁰ Watts = 11.1 Gigawatts (GW)

A solar power plant with a capacity of approximately 11.1 GW would be needed to generate enough energy to produce 611,800,000,000 kg of hydrogen per year, assuming 100% electrolysis efficiency and the given parameters.

Important notes:

• 100% Efficiency: While the breakthrough claims 100% efficiency for the electrolysis process itself, it’s crucial to remember that there will still be losses in other parts of the system (e.g., capturing sunlight, converting electricity, etc.).
• Real-World Conditions: Solar power output varies depending on weather, time of day, and location. The calculated power requirement assumes constant peak sunlight, which is not realistic.
• Land Use: a 11.1 GW solar power plant would require a significant land area.
• Other Factors: This calculation doesn’t account for energy storage, transportation of hydrogen, or potential maintenance requirements.

In conclusion, even with the remarkable breakthrough of 100% efficient electrolysis, producing such a massive amount of hydrogen would still necessitate an enormous solar energy infrastructure and careful consideration of real-world factors.