2 Minutes to Midnight

January 28, 2018

On January 25, 2018 the Science and Security Board Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists moved the Doomsday Clock to 2 minutes to midnight, something that had not happened since 1953, at the height of the cold war.

There is no need to repeat the reasons for this assessment. However, the litany is so overwhelming and dismaying that we believe their appraisal is actually extraordinarily optimistic. Consider this: by today’s standards the weapons of mass destruction available in 1953 were primitive. All-out nuclear war in our time would transform our wonderful blue marble, our only home, into a radioactive lifeless wasteland.

In our view, the root cause of our predicament lies in the spiritual component of our existence. Characteristics such as good/evil, love/hate, greed/magnanimity, rebelliousness/obedience, and pride/humbleness, said to dwell somewhere in our brains, are directly responsible for everything from the abysmal gap in the distribution of wealth and income to climate change. Accordingly, we are called upon to suddenly, somehow, achieve a level of collective enlightenment on par with our recently perfected ability to self-destruct, a daunting task to say the least. We are on the brink, as President Kennedy feared, of failing to abolish nuclear weapons. Instead, like the Sword of Damocles, a few more swings and they will surely abolish us, the elite included.

Solar Cell Catalyst up to 114% Efficient

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January 2, 2018

A collaborative effort of researchers with New Jersey Institute of Technology, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the Colorado School of Mines and San Diego State University resulted in the invention of a quantum dot photoelectrochemical cell that catalytically achieved quantum efficiency for hydrogen gas production exceeding 100% efficiency. Essentially, the device is able to absorb one visible solar photon and produce two or more electrons in a process known as multiple exciton generation.

While the breakthrough with respect to quantum yield does not yet equate to a substantial increase in the solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency, it is an important development in that direction.

Kyushu University High Efficiency Water Splitter

January 2, 2018

Researchers at Kyushu University have invented a ruthenium-driven device able to use a broad spectrum of light, including ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared light beyond visible red light. As a result, it nearly doubles the number of solar photons harvested and the production of hydrogen is accelerated.

Germany’s Artificial Sun to Produce Hydrogen

June 5, 2021

A research facility in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, has built Synlight, an artificial sun intended to develop production processes for solar fuels, including hydrogen.

The system consists of 149 Xenon short-arc lamps focused on an area of 20 x 20 centimeters in a 3-story building. Synlight’s 350-kilowatt array produces radiation 10,000 times more intense than natural solar radiation on the Earth’s surface. The temperatures at the target point of the lamps -up to 3,000 degrees Celsius- can be used to manufacture fuels, including hydrogen.

Japanese Large-Scale Hydrogen System

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January 2, 2018

Toshiba Corporation, Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc. and Iwatani Corporation announced that they will construct and operate a large-scale hydrogen energy system in Namie-cho, Fukushima prefecture, based on a 10,000 kW class hydrogen production facility.

Toshiba Hydrogen System

Low-Cost Solar/Hydrogen System

January 2, 2018

Hypersolar, Inc. has announced a patented nanoparticle solar hydrogen technology is designed to systematically produce hydrogen at the most cost-efficient rate possible. The goal for the GEN 2 system is $2.90 per Kg. While a high performance prototype has not been produced, significant progress has been made, including a proprietary high-efficiency nanoparticle solar absorber design, oxygen catalyst, protective coating, low-cost manufacturing process, and an efficient panel design for safely separating hydrogen from oxygen. The process works on a roll-to-roll inexpensive wet chemistry process.

Currently most hydrogen is produced using natural gas reforming. Since natural gas is a (finite) fossil fuel, reforming is not possible on a permanent, large scale basis.

Electrolyteless Gas Phase Water Splitting

December 29, 2017

Researchers at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia, and at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have found that a newly developed compound, synthetic molybdenum-sulphide, acts as a semi-conductor and catalyses the splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. They discovered that mixing the compound with titanium oxide particles leads to a sunlight-absorbing paint that produces hydrogen fuel from solar energy and moist air. As titanium oxide is a white pigment commonly used in wall paint, the simple addition of the new compound could convert a brick wall into a hydrogen generator. Notably, any location with water vapor in the air, even far from shore, can produce hydrogen; alternatively, the system works in very dry but hot climates near oceans. The sea water evaporated into vapor would be absorbed to produce hydrogen.

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