Mauritania’s energy mix is heavily reliant on oil (roughly 65-70%) and biomass for total energy supply, though it is rapidly integrating renewables, which accounted for over 20% of the power mix by late 2025. The electricity sector is dominated by fossil fuels (diesel and fuel oil) but is shifting with significant wind and solar projects, alongside new natural gas exploitation.

Mauritania is rapidly positioning itself as a global hub for green hydrogen, leveraging immense solar and wind potential (estimated at 457 GW solar, 47 GW wind) to target 12.5 million tons of annual production by 2035. Major projects, including Project Nour and NAYRAH, aim for exports to Europe by 2028–2030, supported by a 2024 Hydrogen Code.

Despite these impending projects, as of 2026 Mauritania is not yet producing green hydrogen by electrolysis of seawater.