Tanzania’s energy mix is dominated by biomass (approx. 76% of total primary energy) for cooking and heating, while electricity generation relies heavily on natural gas (approx. 48–65%) and hydropower (approx. 31–36%). The country faces power shortages due to drought-induced low water levels, prompting a shift toward gas, with emerging investments in solar and wind.

Tanzania is emerging as a potential hub for green hydrogen in East Africa, leveraging its extensive renewable energy (solar, wind, hydro) and strategic coastal location to produce zero-emission fuel. Key initiatives include partnerships for maritime fuel, industrial decarbonization, and potential, major export projects, aligning with Tanzania’s Vision 2050.

Unlike some countries focusing solely on export, Tanzania is modeling green hydrogen to decarbonize its own industrial and transport sectors, using synthetic fuels to replace fossil-based options.