Laos produces and exports a massive surplus of electricity, primarily to Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia. As of 2023, the energy mix is characterized by a heavy reliance on hydropower, supplemented by significant coal (lignite) generation. Hydropower (75.9%) is the backbone of the national grid and the primary export commodity. Coal/Lignite (23.8%), primarily from the Hongsa Thermal Power Plant, uses local lignite mines to provide a stable “baseload” during the dry season when river levels drop. Laos has no domestic oil or gas production; it imports 100% of its petroleum products, mainly for the transport sector.

Laos is positioning itself as a green hydrogen hub in Southeast Asia, leveraging its vast, low-cost hydropower (~80% of its energy mix) to produce fuel, with an estimated production cost of 2.18/kg possible by 2030. The country is developing a National Green Hydrogen and Ammonia Roadmap to guide this, with projects underway like a 1.2 billion THB plant contracted by TTCL Public Company Limited. Geodyn Solutions has proposed a $22.2 billion investment program to scale up hydropower to 20 GW by 2035, partly to support green technology adoption.

As of 2026, there is no information indicating that Laos, a landlocked country, is actually producing green hydrogen.