Pakistan’s energy mix is heavily reliant on fossil fuels, which account for approximately 55%–64% of the supply, alongside significant shares from hydropower (24%–27%) and a growing but still minor portion from nuclear and renewables. While reliance on imported oil and gas is high, the country is actively pivoting towards indigenous coal, nuclear power, and large-scale solar projects to meet demand, targeting a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030.
Key Components of Pakistan’s Energy Mix (approximate figures based on 2023-2025 data):
- Fossil Fuels (approx. 55-60%): Dominated by natural gas (including LNG), imported coal, and oil.
- Hydropower (approx. 25-27%): A major, yet vulnerable, source of renewable energy affected by climatic conditions (e.g., floods).
- Nuclear Energy (approx. 7-13%): A significant contributor to the low-carbon portfolio, increasing in recent years.
- Renewables (Solar/Wind/Bio) (approx. 5-10%): While wind and solar capacity is expanding, they currently hold a smaller share of the total, though solar adoption is rising.
Pakistan is advancing its green hydrogen sector to leverage its immense solar and wind potential, aiming to transition toward a low-carbon economy and reduce reliance on imported fuel. Major projects are emerging in Sindh and Port Qasim, with significant investments from firms like Pakistan Oxygen Limited and partnerships, such as Oracle Power’s initiative with Chinese firms, aimed at large-scale production for export and domestic industrial use.