Sudan’s energy mix is heavily reliant on traditional biomass for primary energy and a combination of hydropower and thermal (oil) power for electricity, with roughly 43-62% coming from renewables. Due to ongoing conflict, oil production has been disrupted, and only about 62% of the population has electricity access.

Sudan holds significant, largely untapped potential for green hydrogen production, boasting some of the highest solar photovoltaic potential (up to 526 Gt/year) in Africa. While the country is in early conceptual stages of development, its vast renewable resources and strategic location could make it a future player in the green hydrogen economy. Sudan has exceptional solar, wind, and hydropower resources, providing the necessary energy for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen. Research indicates Sudan has the highest potential for solar PV-based hydrogen production in Africa. As part of the African continent, Sudan is geographically well-positioned to supply green hydrogen to major demand centers like Europe, leveraging its proximity.

The realization of these projects faces challenges related to infrastructure, financing, and high risks, which are common to many African nations in the sector.