Ghana’s energy mix is currently dominated by thermal power (primarily natural gas) and hydropower, which together account for over 98% of electricity generation. As of 2025, the country is actively expanding its renewable energy capacity, aiming to increase the share of non-hydro renewables from approximately 2% to 14%.

Ghana is rapidly positioning itself as a hub for green hydrogen in West Africa, driven by its significant solar and wind potential, with the first pilot system inaugurated in Tema in February 2025. This initiative aims to produce sustainable energy through electrolysis, supporting decarbonization efforts and energy security. Key developments include international partnerships (e.g., Germany), feasibility studies for hydrogen valleys, and a focus on using green hydrogen for local industrial applications.

On February 20, 2025, Ghana commissioned its first green hydrogen production system at the Don Bosco Solar and Renewable Energy Centre in Tema, in partnership with the University of Applied Sciences of Bochum and other German partners.

In 2024–2025, Germany’s energy mix is transitioning toward renewables, which constitute over 50% of electricity generation, yet fossils (oil and gas) still dominate over 75% of primary energy consumption. Following the April 2023 nuclear phase-out, wind remains the leading power source, followed by solar, coal, and natural gas, with a 2045 carbon neutrality target.

Germany is positioning itself as a global leader in the green hydrogen economy, recently shifting its policy to focus on rapid infrastructure development and international imports to meet a projected demand of 95–130 TWh by 2030. Germany aims to reach 10 GW of domestic electrolyzer capacity by 2030, a target doubled from its original 2020 strategy. The Hydrogen Acceleration Act, approved in October 2025, designates hydrogen projects as being of “overriding public interest,” intended to slash permitting times and fast-track infrastructure.

Germany has embraced the H2Global Initiative, a flagship auction mechanism that provides subsidies to bridge the price gap between expensive green hydrogen imports and what domestic industries can pay.

Because domestic production will only cover a fraction of its needs, Germany has established a robust outward-oriented strategy. It has active agreements with several countries, including Australia, Chile, Morocco, and Finland.

Key projects include RWE, currently commissioning of Europe’s largest green hydrogen plants in Germany; EWE, constructing a 320 electrolyzer in Emden and converting gas storage facilities for hydrogen; GASCADE Leading work on the HYLU pipeline to connect northern production to the grid.

German firms face stiff competition from China, which currently controls nearly 60% of global electrolyzer manufacturing capacity.

The Gambia’s energy mix is currently dominated by imported fossil fuels and traditional biomass, though it is undergoing a rapid transition toward solar energy and regional grid integration. As of early 2025, the government has set an ambitious target to reach 90% electricity access by the end of the year, up from approximately 75% in mid-2024.

In February 2024, the country commissioned its first utility-scale solar facility, the 23 MW Jambur Solar Park, which includes 8 MWh of battery storage to stabilize the grid. The Gambia is increasingly integrated into the West African Power Pool (WAPP). It receives approximately 50 MW of power via an interconnection with Senegal, which has significantly augmented the bulk supply system.

The Gambia is emerging as a potential West African hub for green hydrogen, leveraging its abundant solar, wind, and water resources to transition from fossil fuels to sustainable energy. With backing from the ECOWAS Green Hydrogen Policy Framework, the nation aims to produce, utilize, and export green hydrogen to support economic growth and reach a 50% renewable energy supply by 2030.

As of 2026, despite plans to embrace green hydrogen, The Gambia is not known to be producing any from electrolysis of seawater.

Gabon’s energy mix is characterized by a high reliance on biofuels and waste (74.9%) for total energy supply and a split between hydropower (46.3%) and fossil fuels (53.4%) for electricity generation. The country is currently undergoing a transition focused on expanding renewable capacity, specifically targeting 10 MW of solar power by the end of 2025 and aiming for 85% rural electrification.

Gabon is emerging as a potential, though constrained, player in Africa’s green hydrogen sector, leveraging its significant renewable energy resources (hydro, solar) to pivot away from oil dependence. Green hydrogen currently costs roughly four times more than hydrogen produced from natural gas. Gabon lacks the specialized pipelines and storage facilities required for hydrogen transport, making immediate export difficult. In addition, investors currently prioritize countries with more established roadmaps, such as Egypt, Morocco, Namibia, and South Africa.

As of 2026, there is no information indicating that Gabon is producing green hydrogen by electrolysis of seawater.

France’s energy mix is heavily dominated by nuclear power, which provides roughly 65-69% of its electricity generation as of 2024-2025, making it one of the lowest-carbon intensity grids in Europe. When considering all energy (not just electricity), nuclear provides 44%, followed by oil (27%) and gas (12%).

France is heavily investing to become a global leader in green hydrogen by 2030, supported by a €7 billion national strategy aimed at developing a 4.5 GW to 6.5 GW electrolysis industry to decarbonize heavy industry and transport. Key initiatives include major industrial projects like Normand High, strict 2030 transport mandates (1.5% renewable hydrogen), and exploring natural “white” hydrogen reserves. Significant deposits of naturally occurring “white hydrogen” were discovered in Lorraine, France, in 2023–2025 by researchers from France’s National Centre of Scientific Research and La Française de l’Energie. Estimated between 6 million and 250 million metric tons, this potentially massive find could significantly boost France’s energy independence and provide a low-cost, clean energy source.

The 2025 updated strategy aims for 4.5 GW to 6.5 GW of electrolyzer capacity by 2030, focusing on producing hydrogen through electrolysis powered by renewable energy. A €7 billion investment, partially funded through 2025 updates, supports gigafactories for electrolyzers and infrastructure development, including the BarMar pipeline connecting to Spain.

Finland’s energy mix has undergone a rapid transformation, reaching 95% fossil-free electricity production in 2024. This shift is anchored by the expansion of nuclear power and a surge in wind energy, positioning Finland as a leader in the European energy transition. Nuclear power remains the largest source following the 2023 launch of the Olkiluoto 3 reactor.

Finland is rapidly emerging as a European powerhouse for green hydrogen, aiming to produce 10% of the EU’s total by 2030. The country relies on its large-scale renewable energy potential, specifically wind power, with over 8 GW in capacity and 72 GW onshore/69 GW offshore planned. Gasgrid Finland is developing the Nordic-Baltic Hydrogen Corridor, connecting Finland to Central Europe to facilitate exports. Finland is actively establishing itself as a, if not the, “hydrogen valley” of the north, leveraging its strategic, clean energy infrastructure for both domestic use and export to Europe. Finland had the second-lowest electricity prices in the EU in 2022-2023.

Fiji, a country in the South Pacific, is an archipelago of more than 300 islands.

Fiji’s energy mix is currently driven by a high share of renewable energy, primarily hydropower, alongside a significant reliance on imported fossil fuels (diesel and heavy fuel oil). While roughly 55-60% of electricity is generated from renewable sources like hydro, biomass, and wind, the remaining ~40% comes from fossil fuels. The nation aims to transition to 100% renewable power generation by 2030.

Fiji is actively developing a green hydrogen economy to reach 100% renewable energy by 2036, driven by climate urgency and the need to reduce fossil fuel imports. Key initiatives include importing green hydrogen from New Zealand for pilot projects (launched in 2025) and investigating solar/wind-powered hydrogen production for transportation.

As of 2026 there is no information indicating that Fiji is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

Ethiopia, in the Horn of Africa, is a rugged, landlocked country split by the Great Rift Valley. Ethiopia’s energy mix is dominated by bioenergy, primarily used by the residential sector. Oil, which is all imported, is the second largest fuel in energy supply and is mainly used in the industry and transport sectors. Ethiopia has the second largest hydro potential in Africa, estimated at up to 45 000 MW.

Ethiopia currently has an installed capacity of 4,965MW, expected to double with the commissioning of the Grand Ethiopia Renaissance Dam at 6,450MW. The government of Ethiopia has made commitments to a new strategy to continue to improve its hydroelectric infrastructure by constructing 16 hydroelectric dams and 24 wind-generating projects within the next 20 years.

The first Siemens Gamesa Assela 100MW wind farm began in 2021 in the Iteya, Oromia region 150Km south of Adis Ababa. With Support from IFC and The World Bank, Ethiopia also intents to scale its solar initiatives in the country. They have also begun tapping into the country’s geothermal resources at TuluMoye, Aluto Langhano and Corbetti through PPPs, and look to develop 17 geothermal projects further down the line.

Ethiopia aims to have an installed capacity of 35,000 MW by 2037.

The eastern parts of Ethiopia have been deemed viable to host green hydrogen projects, and we are currently carrying out detailed studies on the country’s need for energy from green hydrogen and how to replace fossil fuels.

As of 2026, Ethiopia is not producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

Eswatini, formally the Kingdom of Eswatini, also known by its former official names Swaziland and the Kingdom of Swaziland, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. It is bordered by South Africa on all sides except the northeast, where it shares a border with Mozambique.

Eswatini’s energy mix relies heavily on imported electricity—primarily from South Africa (Eskom)—which accounts for over 60–80% of supply. Domestically, electricity is generated through a mix of hydropower (approx. 51%), biomass/waste (41%), and solar. The nation is actively working to reduce this dependency, targeting 100% self-sufficiency by 2034 through increased renewable, biomass, and potential nuclear energy.

Plans exist for an eco-industrial park focusing on the production of green hydrogen, biodiesel, and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Eswatini is part of the broader Southern African efforts to develop green hydrogen, aiming for sustainable development and reduced reliance on fossil fuels. Eswatini is also actively engaging in the feasibility and planning stages of a sustainable, localized green hydrogen ecosystem.

As of 2026, Eswatini is not producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.