Ecuador’s energy sector is heavily reliant on hydropower, which accounted for roughly 70-79% of electricity generation in 2023-2024, supplemented by oil-fired thermal plants.

Ecuador is developing a national green hydrogen strategy aimed at leveraging its significant hydroelectric surplus to produce clean energy for local industry, transportation, and future export. The roadmap, supported by the IDB and German consultants, outlines a three-phase plan (2025-2030+) to decarbonize sectors like transportation.

East Timor (Timor-Leste) relies heavily on imported diesel for electricity, with 2022 data showing nearly all power generation came from fossil fuels. The country faces high energy costs and low per capita consumption, though electricity access has improved to over 90% in some areas. A major shift is underway, with construction of a 100-200 MW solar plant planned for 2026 to boost renewable energy.

The government aims for renewables to provide 50% of the energy mix by 2030, with a long-term goal of net-zero emissions by 2050. Studies have identified East Timor as having ideal conditions for green hydrogen production.

As of 2026 East Timor is not producing hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

The Dominican Republic’s energy sector is heavily reliant on imported fossil fuels, with over 80% of electricity generated from oil, natural gas, and coal. While facing challenges with energy security and high costs, the country is actively transitioning toward renewables, aiming for 30% renewable energy penetration in the grid by 2030, with solar, wind, and hydro contributing to the mix.

The Dominican Republic is positioning itself as a regional leader in green hydrogen to decarbonize its energy sector, leveraging abundant wind and solar resources. Key initiatives include a proposed 350 MW project by EN.IT in La Romana, a $200M wastewater-to-hydrogen facility, and early industrial adoption, such as CEMEX’s hydrogen technology implementation.

The Dominican Republic envisions green hydrogen as a key driver in its transition to a sustainable and resilient energy future.

Dominica is aggressively transitioning from a reliance on imported fossil fuels (over 85% of generation as of 2023) to 100% renewable energy, aiming to become the world’s first climate-resilient nation by 2030. A key 10-MW geothermal plant is set to begin commissioning by late 2025, alongside existing hydropower, solar, and wind projects to reduce high energy costs.

Dominica is advancing the Caribbean’s first industrial-scale, geothermal-powered green hydrogen project through a partnership between the government, Dominica Geothermal Development Company (DGDC), and Kenesjay Green Dominica Limited (KGDL). This initiative leverages the island’s estimated 1GW+ geothermal potential to produce hydrogen and ammonia for both local use and export.

Djibouti’s energy mix is rapidly transitioning from heavy reliance on imported fossil fuels toward renewable energy, with roughly 80% of electricity now sourced from clean energy, primarily hydroelectricity imported from Ethiopia. The remaining domestic generation relies on diesel, while ongoing projects in wind, solar, and geothermal aim for 100% renewable energy by 2035.

The country’s most important economic asset is its strategic location, connecting the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. As such, Djibouti’s economy is commanded by the services sector, providing services as both a transit port for the region and as an international transshipment and refueling center. Accordingly, Djibouti aims to position for the future to supply hydrogen fuel to the numerous ships passing through the Bab El Mandeb Strait.

As of 2026 Djibouti has not yet crystalized its goal of producing green hydrogen, but it may do so in the near future.

Denmark is a global leader in renewable energy, with over 67% of its electricity supply derived from green sources, primarily wind power (nearly 50-58%) and bioenergy. The country aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 70% by 2030 and achieve climate neutrality by 2050, with a strategy that includes expanding solar, geothermal, and offshore wind, while phasing out coal and oil.

Denmark is also aiming to become a European leader in green hydrogen, with plans for 4–6 GW of electrolysis capacity by 2030 to support its 70% CO₂ reduction goal and 2045 carbon neutrality target. Utilizing extensive North Sea wind energy, the country is developing over 30 projects, focusing on Power-to-X (PtX) to produce green fuels for transport and industry.

It has approved a hydrogen pipeline to export hydrogen to Germany, targeting 400 GWh capacity by 2030.

Czechia is a landlocked country; therefore, it cannot produce hydrogen by electrolysis of seawater.

Cyprus is advancing green hydrogen as a key, strategic, and complementary solution for energy independence, targeting 2030 for the rollout of hydrogen-powered buses and trucks. Projects like GreenH2CY (targeting 150 tons annually) are driving this transition, utilizing solar energy to produce green hydrogen for transportation and heavy industry.

The government’s National Hydrogen Strategy envisions investments up to EUR 6.75 billion by 2050 to establish a “hydrogen valley.”

Cuba is experiencing a severe, multi-decade energy crisis in 2026. The system relies over 95% on increasingly scarce fossil fuels, with a small but growing shift toward solar and renewable energy. In response to these shortages, the government has embarked on an ambitious plan to transition to renewable energy, including building 1,000 MW of solar capacity with Chinese aid.

Cuba is transitioning towards renewable energy sources, particularly solar and wind, to support green hydrogen production. Germany has provided technologies and services to help position Cuba as a producer of green hydrogen.

Croatia is transforming its energy sector by diversifying away from fossil fuels, leveraging significant renewable potential (hydro, wind, solar), and strengthening energy security through LNG infrastructure. The country targets 42.5% renewable energy in gross final consumption by 2030, supported by new investments in solar, geothermal, and plans for a 30% nuclear share by 2040.

Efforts are focused on modernizing the power grid, enhancing energy efficiency in buildings (40-80% funding rates), and developing hydrogen-ready pipelines to connect with neighbors like Slovenia and Hungary.

Croatia is rapidly advancing a hydrogen economy by 2050. The Hydrogen Strategy of the Republic of Croatia until 2050 outlines a clear path for using renewable and low-carbon hydrogen, aiming for 32+ pilot projects to establish a sustainable, integrated hydrogen ecosystem.

The national oil company, INA, is developing a 10 MW electrolyzer with a 10+ MW solar plant in Rijeka to produce 4,000 kg of green hydrogen daily, supported by a network of 10+ filling stations.

Croatia, along with Slovenia and Italy (Friuli Venezia Giulia), is part of the North Adriatic Hydrogen Valley project, aiming for regional cooperation on hydrogen production and use.