South Africa’s energy mix is heavily dominated by coal, which accounts for roughly 82–85% of electricity generation, though this is gradually shifting towards renewables. While coal remains the primary source, the energy sector is diversifying with increasing investments in solar, wind, and nuclear to reduce carbon emissions and address power shortages.

South Africa is strategically positioning itself as a major global green hydrogen producer and exporter, aiming to leverage its abundant solar/wind resources and 80% of the world’s platinum group metals. The nation plans to support a ~$17.8 billion project pipeline, including the large-scale Boegoebaai export hub, targeting 500,000 tons of annual production by 2030 to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors.

Somalia’s energy mix is heavily dominated by fossil fuels, with approximately 87–95% of electricity generated from imported diesel, often via expensive, inefficient private mini-grids. While over 80% of household energy for cooking relies on biomass (charcoal/firewood), solar and wind power (renewables) are growing, representing about 12-13% of the power capacity.

Somalia has immense, largely untapped, green hydrogen potential driven by exceptional renewable resources, with average solar irradiance of 5–7 kWh/m²/day and strong coastal wind corridors. The country is actively pursuing a green transition to lower energy costs, boost industrial growth, and unlock export opportunities by 2030, particularly targeting regional integration through the Berbera Port.

Despite high potential, development requires overcoming significant barriers, including security risks, lack of data, and the need for massive initial investment.

The Solomon Islands’ energy mix is overwhelmingly reliant on imported diesel for electricity generation, with over 90% to 97% of power coming from fossil fuels. While renewable energy currently makes up only about 2% to 3% of the mix, the country has set an ambitious target to reach 100% renewable energy by 2050, focusing on solar and hydro.

The Solomon Islands is exploring green hydrogen as part of its long-term energy security and sustainability strategy. While currently dependent on imported fossil fuels for >93% of electricity, the nation is transitioning toward renewable energy—including hydro and solar projects—to potentially facilitate future green hydrogen production.

Slovenia’s electricity generation mix is roughly divided into thirds between nuclear, hydroelectric, and fossil fuels (mainly coal), with a growing, though still minor, share of solar. As of 2025, over 80% of electricity is low-carbon, with nuclear power (approx. 40%) and hydro (approx. 30%) as the primary sources. The country relies on significant energy imports for petroleum.

Slovenia aims to install at least 100 MW of green hydrogen electrolyzer capacity by 2030, investing EUR 223 million in hydrogen infrastructure. The strategy focuses on decarbonizing industrial production (30% goal) and transportation, supported by new pilot projects like the GREENFLOW initiative using Mura River hydro energy.

Slovakia’s energy mix is heavily decarbonized, with over 85% of electricity generated from low-carbon sources as of 2023. Nuclear power is the dominant source, providing approximately 61–63% of electricity. Hydropower (14–17%), biomass (5%), and small amounts of solar and natural gas make up the rest of the generation.

Slovakia is rapidly developing its green hydrogen sector to decarbonize industry and transport, aiming to become a key regional hub. Key initiatives include the EastGateH2V project in Košice (starting 2027), investment in electrolyzers for grid stability (Veolia/RoyalStav), and government-backed funding (€13.5 million) to support production.

As of February 2026, there’s no information indicating that Slovakia is producing green hydrogen.

Singapore’s energy mix is heavily dominated by natural gas, which accounts for approximately 93% to 95% of its electricity generation as of early 2025. While the nation is aggressively expanding its renewable capacity, particularly solar, non-fossil sources currently contribute less than 5% of the total electricity supply.

Singapore is rapidly advancing its green hydrogen strategy to meet up to half of its electricity demand by 2050 and achieve net-zero emissions. By 2026, Singapore will start incorporating hydrogen into its energy mix, with key projects including imported green ammonia/hydrogen, development of nine hydrogen-compatible power plants by 2030, and the nation’s largest electrolyzer on Jurong Island.

As of February 2026, there’s no information indicating that Singapore is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

Sierra Leone’s energy mix is heavily dominated by traditional biomass (wood, charcoal) for cooking, while electricity generation relies on a mix of hydropower (approx. 75–90%) and imported fossil fuels (thermal/diesel). With only ~30% of the population having electricity access, the country is expanding renewable capacity, aiming for a 2035 mix of 55% hydro, 30% thermal, and 15% solar.

Sierra Leone is exploring green hydrogen, primarily focusing on producing green ammonia for local fertilizer production to boost agriculture and stabilize renewable energy output. Utilizing renewable resources like hydropower, this initiative aims to decrease reliance on imported fossil-fuel-based fertilizers, potentially offering significant economic returns. The country is part of regional green hydrogen programs in West Africa.

As of February 2026, there’s no information indicating that Sierra Leone is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

Seychelles’ energy mix is heavily dominated by imported fossil fuels (mostly diesel and fuel oil), which account for over 85% of electricity generation. Renewable energy, primarily solar PV and some wind, contributes about 5-15% of the total, with targets to reach 15% by 2030 and 50% by 2050. The nation is actively transitioning towards green energy to reduce reliance on imports.

Seychelles is exploring green hydrogen as a sustainable energy solution to reduce its heavy reliance on imported fossil fuels, with recent initiatives focusing on production and export opportunities to support a cleaner, carbon-neutral economy. As of 2025/2026, the country is actively working to attract investment for renewable energy projects, including green hydrogen.

Serbia’s energy mix is heavily dominated by fossil fuels, specifically lignite coal, which accounts for approximately 60-70% of its electricity generation as of early 2026. The country is currently in the early stages of a strategic transition toward renewable energy and potentially nuclear power to meet its 2050 decarbonization goals.

The country aims to commence green hydrogen production by 2025, with usage estimates ranging from 0.5% to 3% by 2035. Projections suggest that 2%–8% of the total electricity produced in Serbia may be used to produce green hydrogen by 2050.

As of February 2026, HyDSerbia is a pilot project under development.

Senegal’s energy mix is heavily dominated by imported oil, accounting for roughly 85% of electricity generation in 2023. However, the country is rapidly integrating renewables, including solar and wind, and transitioning towards natural gas for power generation, targeting 30% renewable energy capacity as it aims for universal electricity access by 2025.

Senegal is emerging as a potential West African green hydrogen hub, leveraging high solar and wind resources (1,800-2,200 k Wh/m²/year) to produce low-carbon fuel. Driven by partnerships and firms like Hydrogen Senegal, projects focus on using electrolysis to produce hydrogen and ammonia for local industry and export.

As of February 2026, there is no information indicating that Senegal is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.