Suriname’s electricity sector is transitioning, with a 2023 mix of roughly 38–42% hydropower and 53–61% fossil fuels (heavy fuel oil), according to IEA and Low-Carbon Power. The nation aims to increase its renewable share to over 35% by 2030, supported by new Electric Sector Plan 2025–2044 initiatives like solar mini-grids.

Suriname is positioning itself as a potential player in the green hydrogen industry, aiming to leverage its over 90% forest coverage to maintain a carbon-negative status while exploring sustainable, nature-based economic growth.

Sudan’s energy mix is heavily reliant on traditional biomass for primary energy and a combination of hydropower and thermal (oil) power for electricity, with roughly 43-62% coming from renewables. Due to ongoing conflict, oil production has been disrupted, and only about 62% of the population has electricity access.

Sudan holds significant, largely untapped potential for green hydrogen production, boasting some of the highest solar photovoltaic potential (up to 526 Gt/year) in Africa. While the country is in early conceptual stages of development, its vast renewable resources and strategic location could make it a future player in the green hydrogen economy. Sudan has exceptional solar, wind, and hydropower resources, providing the necessary energy for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen. Research indicates Sudan has the highest potential for solar PV-based hydrogen production in Africa. As part of the African continent, Sudan is geographically well-positioned to supply green hydrogen to major demand centers like Europe, leveraging its proximity.

The realization of these projects faces challenges related to infrastructure, financing, and high risks, which are common to many African nations in the sector.

Sri Lanka’s energy mix relies on a combination of imported fossil fuels (coal and oil) and domestic renewable sources, primarily hydropower. While hydropower (around 37-38% of generation) and other renewables like wind and solar are significant, thermal power (coal/oil) still dominates, providing about 45-60% of total electricity.

Sri Lanka is positioning itself as a regional green hydrogen hub, aiming for 70% renewable energy by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2050. The National Hydrogen Roadmap targets decarbonizing transport and industry while attracting $10 billion in investments. Key projects include collaborations with Adani Sri Lanka for Wind Power Monthly and green ammonia production, leveraging Greenstat Hydrogen Sri Lanka for technical development.

Spain has transformed its energy mix into a European leader for renewables, with over 50% of annual electricity production coming from green sources in 2023. Wind (approx. 22-24%) and solar (approx. 14-22%) are the primary drivers, complemented by nuclear (approx. 20%) and natural gas, aiming for 81% renewable electricity by 2030.

Spain is rapidly positioning itself as a European leader in green hydrogen, aiming for 12 GW of electrolysis capacity by 2030. Driven by vast renewable resources, major projects like the €3B Andalusian Green Hydrogen Valley are underway. The strategy focuses on decarbonizing industry, supporting transport, and establishing export routes, with significant investment in infrastructure by Enagás.

Iberdrola is a major player, with three plants operating and others under construction, including partnerships with BP.

White hydrogen:  Helios Aragón is exploring a large, high-grade hydrogen reservoir in the Pyrenees region.

South Africa’s energy mix is heavily dominated by coal, which accounts for roughly 82–85% of electricity generation, though this is gradually shifting towards renewables. While coal remains the primary source, the energy sector is diversifying with increasing investments in solar, wind, and nuclear to reduce carbon emissions and address power shortages.

South Africa is strategically positioning itself as a major global green hydrogen producer and exporter, aiming to leverage its abundant solar/wind resources and 80% of the world’s platinum group metals. The nation plans to support a ~$17.8 billion project pipeline, including the large-scale Boegoebaai export hub, targeting 500,000 tons of annual production by 2030 to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors.

Somalia’s energy mix is heavily dominated by fossil fuels, with approximately 87–95% of electricity generated from imported diesel, often via expensive, inefficient private mini-grids. While over 80% of household energy for cooking relies on biomass (charcoal/firewood), solar and wind power (renewables) are growing, representing about 12-13% of the power capacity.

Somalia has immense, largely untapped, green hydrogen potential driven by exceptional renewable resources, with average solar irradiance of 5–7 kWh/m²/day and strong coastal wind corridors. The country is actively pursuing a green transition to lower energy costs, boost industrial growth, and unlock export opportunities by 2030, particularly targeting regional integration through the Berbera Port.

Despite high potential, development requires overcoming significant barriers, including security risks, lack of data, and the need for massive initial investment.

The Solomon Islands’ energy mix is overwhelmingly reliant on imported diesel for electricity generation, with over 90% to 97% of power coming from fossil fuels. While renewable energy currently makes up only about 2% to 3% of the mix, the country has set an ambitious target to reach 100% renewable energy by 2050, focusing on solar and hydro.

The Solomon Islands is exploring green hydrogen as part of its long-term energy security and sustainability strategy. While currently dependent on imported fossil fuels for >93% of electricity, the nation is transitioning toward renewable energy—including hydro and solar projects—to potentially facilitate future green hydrogen production.

Slovenia’s electricity generation mix is roughly divided into thirds between nuclear, hydroelectric, and fossil fuels (mainly coal), with a growing, though still minor, share of solar. As of 2025, over 80% of electricity is low-carbon, with nuclear power (approx. 40%) and hydro (approx. 30%) as the primary sources. The country relies on significant energy imports for petroleum.

Slovenia aims to install at least 100 MW of green hydrogen electrolyzer capacity by 2030, investing EUR 223 million in hydrogen infrastructure. The strategy focuses on decarbonizing industrial production (30% goal) and transportation, supported by new pilot projects like the GREENFLOW initiative using Mura River hydro energy.

Slovakia’s energy mix is heavily decarbonized, with over 85% of electricity generated from low-carbon sources as of 2023. Nuclear power is the dominant source, providing approximately 61–63% of electricity. Hydropower (14–17%), biomass (5%), and small amounts of solar and natural gas make up the rest of the generation.

Slovakia is rapidly developing its green hydrogen sector to decarbonize industry and transport, aiming to become a key regional hub. Key initiatives include the EastGateH2V project in Košice (starting 2027), investment in electrolyzers for grid stability (Veolia/RoyalStav), and government-backed funding (€13.5 million) to support production.

As of February 2026, there’s no information indicating that Slovakia is producing green hydrogen.