Saint Lucia’s energy mix is heavily reliant on imported fossil fuels, with over 97% to 99% of electricity generation derived from diesel, leaving the island vulnerable to high, volatile energy costs. While solar energy contributes a very small percentage (less than 1%) to the current mix, the country has ambitious plans to increase renewable energy to 40%–46% by 2030-2035, with a major focus on developing geothermal power.

Saint Lucia is actively developing green hydrogen to reduce its heavy reliance on imported diesel, aiming for a cleaner, more resilient energy grid. HDF Energy is developing the HYVOLUCIA project, a power plant designed to generate 58 GWh/year using solar and green hydrogen. Other initiatives, such as the MAGHIC project, are also exploring offshore wind-to-hydrogen production.

As of February 2026, there’s no information indicating that Saint Lucia is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

St. Kitts and Nevis is overwhelmingly dependent on imported fossil fuels, with diesel generators producing at least 94%–98% of the country’s electricity. Renewable energy, mainly solar and wind, contributes a small, growing, but still limited portion (approx. 4-5%) of the energy mix. The islands are actively transitioning toward renewable sources like geothermal, solar, and waste-to-energy.

St. Kitts & Nevis is actively positioning itself as a potential green hydrogen hub in the Caribbean, aiming to become a net exporter of renewable energy. The government is leveraging partnerships for geothermal, solar, and wind projects, with strong interest from the EU to source hydrogen from the region.

As of February 2026, there’s no information indicating that St Kitts & Nevis is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

Rwanda’s energy mix is characterized by a heavy reliance on biomass for total energy consumption and a diverse, rapidly expanding electricity generation portfolio led by hydropower and methane gas.

Rwanda is actively pursuing a green hydrogen economy to diversify its renewable energy mix, focusing on utilizing its hydrological potential and increasing electricity access. The 2024 Electricity Law incentivizes 100% green hydrogen/ammonia projects with tax exemptions on electrolysis equipment, land fee reductions for up to nine years, and long-term power purchase agreements. The country is investing in feasibility studies for hydrogen technology, including a pilot 10MW hydrogen power project.

As of February 2026, there’s no information indicating that Rwanda is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis.

Russia’s energy mix is heavily dominated by fossil fuels, which account for approximately 88% to 90% of its total primary energy consumption. Natural gas is the cornerstone of the Russian energy system, providing over half of the country’s total energy supply.

Russia aims to become a major global player in the hydrogen market, targeting up to 20% of global market share by leveraging its massive energy infrastructure, with a particular, though sometimes secondary, focus on green hydrogen alongside blue and nuclear-based production. While heavily investing in blue hydrogen (using natural gas with carbon capture), Russia is exploring green hydrogen using its vast hydro and nuclear power resources.

As of February 2026, there is no information indicating that Russia is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

White hydrogen: Gazprom has started extracting white hydrogen in East Siberia.

Romania maintains one of the most balanced energy mixes in the European Union, utilizing a diverse range of sources including renewables, nuclear, and fossil fuels. As of early 2025, approximately 61% of Romania’s electricity is generated from low-carbon sources.

Romania is accelerating its green hydrogen sector to meet 2030 decarbonization targets, with a national strategy aiming for 153,000 tons of annual production requiring over 2,100 MW of electrolyzers. Key initiatives include OMV Petrom’s 55 MW, 8,000-ton/year project at Petrobrazi and Hidroelectrica’s partnership with Verbund for green hydrogen production.

As of February 2026, there is no information indicating that Romania is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

Qatar’s energy mix is almost entirely dominated by natural gas, which powers nearly all of its electricity generation and industrial activity. While the country is a global leader in fossil fuel production, it has recently begun a rapid expansion into solar energy to meet its National Vision 2030 sustainability goals.

Qatar is advancing green hydrogen through pilot projects like Shell’s HyPEC initiative, which produces hydrogen from wastewater and solar, supporting Qatar Vision 2030. While focusing on blue ammonia for the immediate future (1.2 million tons/year plant by 2026), the country is positioning itself for a long-term transition to green energy.

As of February 2026, there is no information indicating that Qatar is producing green hydrogen by electrolysis of seawater.

Portugal is a European leader in renewable energy, with over 70-80% of its electricity generation coming from renewable sources in 2024, primarily wind, hydro, and increasingly solar. The country shut down its last coal-fired plant in 2021, relying on natural gas and imports for the remaining 10-20% of its energy demand.

Portugal is emerging as a European green hydrogen leader, leveraging high solar/wind resources to target 3 GW of production capacity by 2030. Centered on the industrial hub of Sines, key projects include a 100 MW plant at the Galp refinery and major initiatives like MadoquaPower2X, focusing on decarbonizing industry and producing synthetic fuels for export.

In 2025, the government allocated €70 million to 17 projects. The country boasts 14,000 km of gas pipelines ready for hydrogen integration.

In 2025, Poland’s energy mix continued a major transition, with coal dropping below 50% for the first time in some months, while renewable energy sources (RES)—led by rapid solar growth—and natural gas increased their shares. Despite this shift, coal still powered approximately 51-53% of electricity, making it the highest in the EU, alongside growing, yet still moderate, wind and solar capacity.

Poland is rapidly accelerating its green hydrogen sector to meet EU mandates, aiming for at least 180 kilotons of renewable hydrogen in industry by 2030, necessitating over
of electrolysis capacity. While currently the third-largest hydrogen producer in Europe (mostly gray), Poland is investing in electrolysis projects, hydrogen valleys, and importing green hydrogen from Finland.

Key challenges include high production costs, the need for10 TWh of renewable electricity, and, as of late 2025, some projects being written off due to funding gaps.

As of February 2026, there is no information indicating that Poland is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

The Philippines’ energy mix is heavily reliant on fossil fuels, which accounted for approximately 79% of electricity generation in 2024, with coal being the dominant source at over 60%. Renewable energy contributes roughly 22% of the mix, primarily through geothermal and hydropower, with a goal to increase the renewable share to 35% by 2030.

The Philippines is actively developing a green hydrogen industry to decarbonize its energy sector, with projects aimed at replacing diesel in off-grid areas, particularly in Mindanao. Led by partnerships with firms like HDF Energy, the country is focusing on utilizing its solar, wind, and geothermal resources for electrolysis to produce clean energy. The government is providing incentives, including tax breaks and duty exemptions, to accelerate this transition.

Peru’s energy mix is characterized by a high reliance on hydroelectricity and natural gas for power generation, while oil continues to dominate total primary energy consumption, primarily due to the transport sector. In 2024, Peru achieved approximately 59% low-carbon electricity production, nearly meeting its 2025 target of 60%.

Peru is positioning itself as a major hub for green hydrogen in Latin America through massive infrastructure investments and new legislative frameworks.

Major Projects

• Horizonte de Verano ($11.2 – $12.5 Billion):
  • Location: Arequipa region (Southern Peru).
  • Scope: Expected to be one of the largest green hydrogen and ammonia plants in Latin America.
  • Components: Includes a 5.85 GW solar photovoltaic plant, a water desalination plant, and a 500 kV electrical substation.
  • Timeline: Construction is slated to begin in 2026, with the first phase operational by mid-2027 and full capacity reached by 2032.
• Phelan Green Energy ($2.4 – $2.5 Billion):
  • Location: La Joya district, Arequipa.
  • Scope: A dedicated solar-based hydrogen and ammonia production facility spanning 4,000 hectares.