As of late 2025, India has achieved a major milestone by reaching 51.5% non-fossil fuel installed capacity in its electricity mix, surpassing its 2030 target five years early. While coal remains the largest single source of power generation, the country is undergoing a rapid transition led by solar and wind energy. While electricity capacity is shifting toward renewables, India’s total primary energy consumption (which includes transport, industry, and cooking) still relies heavily on fossil fuels. Coal (46%) dominates the energy system, particularly for heavy industry and baseload power. Oil (25%), primarily used for transportation; India remains a major importer, with nearly 88% of its oil supplied from abroad. The government is now working toward a target of 500 GW of non-fossil capacity by 2030 and net-zero emissions by 2070.

India is accelerating its transition to a green hydrogen economy to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070, aiming for 5 million metric tons of annual production by 2030. Supported by the National Green Hydrogen Mission, the country is focusing on industrial hubs, shipping, and long-haul mobility, with major projects underway in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh.