Jordan has undergone a significant energy transition, moving from near-total dependence on imported fossil fuels to becoming a regional leader in renewable energy. As of late 2024, renewable sources (primarily solar and wind) contribute approximately 27% to 28% of the country’s electricity generation mix.

The National Energy Strategy 2020–2030 originally aimed for 31% renewables in the power mix by 2030, but this has since been revised to 50% due to rapid progress.

Jordan is developing a comprehensive Green Hydrogen Strategy, integrated with its 2030 and 2050 Economic Modernization Vision, aiming to produce 0.6 million tons annually by 2030 and 3.4 million tons by 2050. The strategy leverages Jordan’s solar and wind potential for export (mainly to the EU) and domestic industrial use, with significant investment planned in Aqaba for infrastructure.

As of May 27, 2027, Jordan’s online energy information server was not operational.

Japan’s energy mix is heavily dependent on imported fossil fuels, which accounted for approximately 65–70% of electricity generation in 2023–2024, primarily from liquefied natural gas (LNG) and coal. While nuclear power is gradually recovering to 8–9% post-Fukushima, renewables (mainly solar) have increased to over 25% of the power mix. The nation aims to reduce emissions by boosting nuclear to 20% and renewables to 40-50% by 2040.

Japan is a global leader in hydrogen technology, accounting for 24% of worldwide hydrogen-related patent applications. As of February 2026, the country is transitioning from pilot demonstrations to large-scale commercialization, backed by a $100 billion public-private investment plan over the next 15 years. Japan’s Basic Hydrogen Strategy (updated June 2023) and the GX (Green Transformation) 2040 Vision (upgraded February 2025) outline the following consumption goals: 3 million tons per year by 2030; 20 million tons per year by 2050.

The 16MW Suntory Kakushu green hydrogen plant, the largest in Japan, went online as of Oct. 2025 (demo through 2026), and the Kawasaki LH2 Terminal, the country’s first liquid hydrogen import facility, started construction in November 2025, operational by 2030.

Jamaica’s energy mix is dominated by imported fossil fuels, which accounted for approximately 89% of the country’s electricity generation as of 2022. While the nation has made significant strides in diversifying toward natural gas, it remains vulnerable to global oil price fluctuations.

Jamaica is developing a national green hydrogen strategy, supported by a United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) project funded by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) launched in mid-2025. This initiative aims to establish a regulatory framework, attract investment, and build infrastructure to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors like transport and shipping.

As of 2026 Jamaica is not yet producing hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

Italy’s overall energy mix (including heating, transport, and industry) is dominated by fossil fuels, which provide nearly 80% of Italy’s needs. Natural gas (39.8%) is mostly used for electricity generation and heating; however, renewables account for 41.2% of generation, a record high. Oil dominates the transport sector.

Italy is positioning itself as a central European hub for green hydrogen, leveraging its strategic Mediterranean location to connect North African production with European demand. As of February 2026, the country has locked EU green hydrogen targets into national law through the RED III Directive, mandating specific usage for industrial and transport sectors.

Several facilities are already operational, including Hyround in Sestu, Sardinia; Porto Marghera, featuring a 5 MW electrolyzer by Sapio; SoutH2 Corridor, a 3,300 km pipeline initiative led by Snam to transport green hydrogen from North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia) to Italy, Austria, and Germany; and Modena Hydrogen Valley, a joint venture between Snam and Hera capable of producing 400 tons of green fuel annually for local transport and energy-intensive industries.

Israel’s energy mix is dominated by natural gas, which accounts for approximately 70% of electricity generation as of early 2026. This reliance follows the massive offshore discoveries of the Tamar and Leviathan gas fields, which transitioned Israel from an energy importer to a regional exporter.

Israel is positioning itself as a key player in the green hydrogen sector by leveraging its advanced, innovative technology and expanding renewable energy infrastructure. Key developments include the establishment of a “Hydrogen Valley” in the Negev desert, major investment in startups like H2Pro for efficient production, and plans for international exports, with aims to reach significant production volumes by the late 2020s.

Ireland’s energy mix is currently dominated by fossil fuels, which accounted for 81% of total energy use in 2024. However, the electricity sector is rapidly decarbonizing, with renewables—led by wind—providing over 41% of the country’s gross electricity supply in 2024.

Ireland is accelerating green hydrogen development to meet 2050 net-zero targets, leveraging its massive offshore wind potential for electrolysis. The National Hydrogen Strategy (2023) prioritizes using hydrogen for heavy transport, industry, and energy storage. Projects like SH2AMROCK (Galway) and EI H2 (Cork) are pioneering production, with plans for blending hydrogen into the gas network by the mid-2030s.

Iraq’s energy mix is almost entirely dependent on fossil fuels, with oil and natural gas together accounting for over 99% of the country’s electricity generation and total primary energy consumption as of 2023. Iraq is the fourth-largest energy consumer in the Middle East.

Iraq is actively exploring green hydrogen to diversify its energy portfolio, aiming to reduce hydrocarbon dependency by 30% by 2030. Supported by strong solar potential, plans include developing a 130MW solar-powered project for the South Refineries Company, targeting 800 tons of green hydrogen annually. Key initiatives involve partnerships with the Ministry of Industry, Electricity, and the National Investment Commission. Iraq has significant potential to produce green hydrogen through electrolysis, using abundant solar energy.

The National Investment Commission is working to attract foreign investment and technical expertise, with a new national climate investment plan approved in early 2025.

As of 2026 there is no information indicating that Iraq is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

Iran’s energy mix is heavily dominated by fossil fuels, which account for over 98% of its total primary energy supply and more than 90% of its electricity generation. As of early 2025, natural gas remains the cornerstone of the country’s energy system, followed by oil, while renewable and nuclear sources play marginal roles despite significant development targets.

Iran is exploring green hydrogen production, utilizing its high solar and wind energy potential to transition from traditional, emission-intensive methods toward sustainable energy. While currently relying on fossil fuels, research suggests that regions like Bandas Abbas, Shiraz, and Kerman could support significant green hydrogen generation through electrolysis.

Although Iran has a significant proven potential to produce green hydrogen, as of 2026 there is no indication that it is actually doing so.

Indonesia’s energy landscape is heavily dominated by fossil fuels, which account for approximately 85% to 86% of its primary energy supply. While the government has set ambitious decarbonization goals, the country remains the world’s largest exporter of thermal coal and significantly relies on it for domestic power generation.

Under the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP), Indonesia aims for 44% renewable power generation by 2030. The official target for achieving net-zero emissions is 2060 or sooner.

Launched in June 2025, Indonesia’s National Roadmap for Hydrogen and Ammonia outlines a strategic, phased approach to achieving net-zero emissions by 2060, targeting 4.2 million tons of annual hydrogen consumption for power generation. It focuses on developing a robust green hydrogen ecosystem, leveraging renewable energy resources to potentially create 300,000 jobs and $70 billion in revenue.

Although Indonesia has made plans to produce green hydrogen, as of 2026 there is no information indicating that it is presently doing so.

As of late 2025, India has achieved a major milestone by reaching 51.5% non-fossil fuel installed capacity in its electricity mix, surpassing its 2030 target five years early. While coal remains the largest single source of power generation, the country is undergoing a rapid transition led by solar and wind energy. While electricity capacity is shifting toward renewables, India’s total primary energy consumption (which includes transport, industry, and cooking) still relies heavily on fossil fuels. Coal (46%) dominates the energy system, particularly for heavy industry and baseload power. Oil (25%), primarily used for transportation; India remains a major importer, with nearly 88% of its oil supplied from abroad. The government is now working toward a target of 500 GW of non-fossil capacity by 2030 and net-zero emissions by 2070.

India is accelerating its transition to a green hydrogen economy to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070, aiming for 5 million metric tons of annual production by 2030. Supported by the National Green Hydrogen Mission, the country is focusing on industrial hubs, shipping, and long-haul mobility, with major projects underway in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh.