Liechtenstein’s energy mix heavily relies on imports (over 90% of total energy) to meet demand, with a strong focus on renewable electricity—primarily hydropower—for domestic production. While local generation is 100% renewable (hydro and solar), overall consumption includes significant imported nuclear and fossil fuels. The nation aims for 100% renewable energy by 2050. Domestic Production is dominated by hydropower (over 90% of local generation), followed by increasing solar PV contributions. The vast majority of energy consumed is imported, including electricity from the European grid, which historically includes nuclear and fossil fuel sources.

Liechtenstein’s “Energy Vision 2050” aims for a 40% reduction in energy demand and 100% renewable energy usage, focusing on increasing domestic solar capacity and reducing dependence on fossil fuel imports.

Liechtenstein is positioning itself for a sustainable, carbon-neutral future by focusing on green hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources. Green hydrogen is expected to play a critical role in reducing carbon emissions in industrial sectors (such as metal processing) and heavy transport, which are traditionally difficult to electrify.

As of 2026 there is no information indicating that Liechtenstein is actually producing green hydrogen.

Libya’s energy mix is almost entirely dominated by fossil fuels, which account for approximately 100% of its domestic electricity generation and total primary energy consumption. Natural gas is the primary source for power, accounting for roughly 67% to 75% of electricity generation. It is also widely used for industrial processes and domestic heating/cooking. Oil Contributes the remaining 25% to 33% of the power generation mix. Libya holds Africa’s largest proven oil reserves (approx. 48.4 billion barrels) and is a major global exporter.

Libya is actively positioning itself to become a significant regional hub for green hydrogen production, leveraging its high solar radiation and strategic proximity to European energy markets. In August 2025, Libya’s Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy partnered with Germany’s H2 Global to launch a large-scale project, targeting 1 million tons of green hydrogen for export. The Tosyali SULB complex in Benghazi is being developed as one of the world’s largest hydrogen-powered Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) plants. It will use hydrogen to produce green steel, aiming to supply the European market’s “green transformation” needs. Libya aims to utilize its existing Greenstream pipeline and potential new interconnectors to Europe for future hydrogen transport.

As of 2026 there is no information indicating that Libya is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

Liberia’s energy mix is dominated by traditional biomass, which accounts for over 80% to 90% of total primary energy consumption. The country’s electricity sector, while growing, remains one of the world’s most underdeveloped due to the lingering effects of civil conflict. As of 2024, Liberia’s grid-connected installed capacity is approximately 126 MW to 131 MW. The mix of generation varies significantly between the wet and dry seasons.

Liberia is positioning itself for the emerging green hydrogen sector, driven by regional ECOWAS strategies to leverage renewable resources for sustainable development and energy security. The country possesses potential for renewable-powered electrolysis, aided by its resource base and strategic location, with initiatives like the 950MW Malaikah Energy project announced in 2025 to boost renewable capacity.

As of 2026, the focus in Liberia is on building the foundational renewable infrastructure (wind, solar) required for future green hydrogen production.

Lesotho’s domestic electricity generation is 99.8% renewable, primarily from hydropower. However, the country remains highly dependent on imports and traditional biomass to meet its total energy needs. The ‘Muela Hydropower Plant (72 MW) is the backbone of domestic production. In 2024, hydro generation reached 492.5 GWh, up from 468 GWh in 2023. The Ha Ramarothole Solar PV Park (Phase I) added 30 MW of capacity in 2023. Monthly production from this plant averages approximately 5 MWh injected into the national grid. Domestic supply does not meet peak demand, requiring Lesotho to import over 50% to 69% of its electricity from South Africa (Eskom) and Mozambique (EDM) via the Southern African Power Pool.

Lesotho is emerging as a potential leader in the African green hydrogen sector by leveraging its abundant renewable resources (water, wind, solar) to produce clean energy, aiming to reduce dependence on fossil fuel imports. Recent initiatives include researching electrolysis technologies to power vehicles and industry, with a focus on utilizing Lesotho’s water resources. While still in the developmental phase, the potential to integrate green hydrogen into the national energy strategy aims to foster industrialization, economic growth, and energy self-sufficiency.

As of 2026, there’s no information indicating that Lesotho is actually producing green hydrogen.

Lebanon’s energy mix is characterized by an extreme reliance on imported fossil fuels, which account for approximately 83% to 95% of its total primary energy supply. The country has faced a chronic energy crisis since 2019, leading to a “solar boom” where decentralized renewable installations have begun to rapidly displace failing state-provided thermal power. The overall energy supply is dominated by oil products, as the country lacks significant domestic fossil fuel production and a stable natural gas supply.

Lebanon is exploring green hydrogen as a sustainable energy solution to combat its ongoing energy crisis, leveraging high solar potential (1500–1900 kWh/kWp) and growing decentralized solar capacity (nearly 1.1 GWp). Strategic efforts focus on developing a hydrogen strategy, enhancing infrastructure, and fostering innovation through projects like the “Green Hydrogen Camp”.

As of 2026 there is no information indicating that Lebanon is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

Latvia’s energy mix is characterized by one of the highest shares of renewable energy in the European Union, primarily driven by domestic hydropower and biomass. Renewables dominated electricity generation, accounting for roughly 71–76% of domestic production depending on water inflow for hydro. The updated National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) aims for a 61% share of renewables in gross final consumption and 100% renewable electricity for domestic use by 2030.

Latvia is rapidly developing its green hydrogen sector, aiming to become a regional production hub, with a major 150,000-ton annual production project planned in Liepāja. Driven by EU climate goals and energy independence, key initiatives include partnerships for renewable-powered electrolyzers, cross-border value chains (H2Value) in the Baltic region, and active research into reducing production costs.

Despite these important plans, no information is available indicating that as of 2026 Latvia is producing green hydrogen.

Laos produces and exports a massive surplus of electricity, primarily to Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia. As of 2023, the energy mix is characterized by a heavy reliance on hydropower, supplemented by significant coal (lignite) generation. Hydropower (75.9%) is the backbone of the national grid and the primary export commodity. Coal/Lignite (23.8%), primarily from the Hongsa Thermal Power Plant, uses local lignite mines to provide a stable “baseload” during the dry season when river levels drop. Laos has no domestic oil or gas production; it imports 100% of its petroleum products, mainly for the transport sector.

Laos is positioning itself as a green hydrogen hub in Southeast Asia, leveraging its vast, low-cost hydropower (~80% of its energy mix) to produce fuel, with an estimated production cost of 2.18/kg possible by 2030. The country is developing a National Green Hydrogen and Ammonia Roadmap to guide this, with projects underway like a 1.2 billion THB plant contracted by TTCL Public Company Limited. Geodyn Solutions has proposed a $22.2 billion investment program to scale up hydropower to 20 GW by 2035, partly to support green technology adoption.

As of 2026, there is no information indicating that Laos, a landlocked country, is actually producing green hydrogen.

Kyrgyzstan’s energy mix is defined by a heavy reliance on hydropower for electricity and fossil fuels (oil and coal) for total energy consumption. While the country is a leader in low-carbon electricity, it remains dependent on imports for nearly all its natural gas and oil needs. Oil is the largest single source in the total supply, almost entirely imported (90%+) from Russia and Kazakhstan.

Kyrgyzstan is actively pursuing green hydrogen development to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, focusing on leveraging its significant hydropower, solar, and wind potential. The government is partnering with international entities like Germany and the World Bank to boost renewable energy and explore green hydrogen for industrial and transport decarbonization, aiming for energy self-sufficiency by 2030.

As highlighted in this IRENA report, green hydrogen is seen as essential for regional industrial decarbonization, with pilot projects and infrastructure development being critical next steps.

As of 2026 Kyrgyzstan is not known to be producing green hydrogen.

Kuwait’s energy mix is almost entirely dominated by fossil fuels, which account for over 99% of its primary energy consumption. The country is currently undergoing a strategic shift to replace oil with natural gas for domestic power generation to free up crude oil for export and reduce carbon emissions. Renewables remain negligible, primarily consisting of solar and wind.

Kuwait is actively pursuing a green hydrogen strategy, aiming to establish 25 GW of capacity and 17 GW of renewable energy by 2050 to diversify its economy and meet sustainability goals. KBR, a global engineering firm, is currently developing a 18-month masterplan for the Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) to integrate these technologies for both domestic industrial use and export. While currently in the planning phase, this shift is critical for Kuwait to align with global carbon neutrality commitments and reduce its carbon footprint. Although the country has traditionally relied on oil, this move signals a major shift toward developing a sustainable energy portfolio, leveraging its high potential for solar energy generation.

South Korea’s energy mix is currently dominated by fossil fuels, which account for approximately 60% of electricity generation as of early 2025. However, the country is undergoing a major transition to Carbon-Free Energy (CFE), with a strategic goal to make 70% of its power generation carbon-free by 2038.

South Korea relies on imports for nearly 98% of its fossil fuel consumption, making it highly vulnerable to global price volatility.

South Korea is aggressively advancing a green hydrogen economy to achieve 2050 carbon neutrality, investing in infrastructure for production, storage, and mobility. Key initiatives include developing Jeju Island as a hub with commercial production, boosting fuel cell vehicles (approx. 40,000 units), and launching major 1GW projects led by Hyundai. While importing roughly 80% of its hydrogen needs, the country is expanding domestic production, with Jeju Island hosting the nation’s first commercial green hydrogen refueling station and aiming for 30 MW capacity.

Hyundai is developing a 1GW green hydrogen project, including Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer manufacturing, as part of a massive, multi-year investment package. The government is establishing “hydrogen cities” where hydrogen powers buildings and transportation. Around 40,000 hydrogen vehicles are currently in operation, with plans for further expansion.

The government is fostering the sector with, for instance, the world’s first hydrogen-based power bidding market. New regulations include a strict “clean hydrogen standard” of 4kg CO₂
equivalent per kg of hydrogen. Despite its advancements, South Korea faces high domestic production costs and relies heavily on imports for its green hydrogen.

Korea National Oil Corporation has located five promising sites for, or occurrences of, natural hydrogen, with investigations ongoing. Korea is simultaneously investing heavily in liquefied hydrogen storage and hydrogen-powered vehicles (FCEVs).

Based on available reports as of early 2026, South Korea has not confirmed the discovery of commercially viable white (natural) hydrogen deposits, but it is actively investigating its potential.