Lebanon’s energy mix is characterized by an extreme reliance on imported fossil fuels, which account for approximately 83% to 95% of its total primary energy supply. The country has faced a chronic energy crisis since 2019, leading to a “solar boom” where decentralized renewable installations have begun to rapidly displace failing state-provided thermal power. The overall energy supply is dominated by oil products, as the country lacks significant domestic fossil fuel production and a stable natural gas supply.

Lebanon is exploring green hydrogen as a sustainable energy solution to combat its ongoing energy crisis, leveraging high solar potential (1500–1900 kWh/kWp) and growing decentralized solar capacity (nearly 1.1 GWp). Strategic efforts focus on developing a hydrogen strategy, enhancing infrastructure, and fostering innovation through projects like the “Green Hydrogen Camp”.

As of 2026 there is no information indicating that Lebanon is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

Latvia’s energy mix is characterized by one of the highest shares of renewable energy in the European Union, primarily driven by domestic hydropower and biomass. Renewables dominated electricity generation, accounting for roughly 71–76% of domestic production depending on water inflow for hydro. The updated National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) aims for a 61% share of renewables in gross final consumption and 100% renewable electricity for domestic use by 2030.

Latvia is rapidly developing its green hydrogen sector, aiming to become a regional production hub, with a major 150,000-ton annual production project planned in Liepāja. Driven by EU climate goals and energy independence, key initiatives include partnerships for renewable-powered electrolyzers, cross-border value chains (H2Value) in the Baltic region, and active research into reducing production costs.

Despite these important plans, no information is available indicating that as of 2026 Latvia is producing green hydrogen.

Laos produces and exports a massive surplus of electricity, primarily to Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia. As of 2023, the energy mix is characterized by a heavy reliance on hydropower, supplemented by significant coal (lignite) generation. Hydropower (75.9%) is the backbone of the national grid and the primary export commodity. Coal/Lignite (23.8%), primarily from the Hongsa Thermal Power Plant, uses local lignite mines to provide a stable “baseload” during the dry season when river levels drop. Laos has no domestic oil or gas production; it imports 100% of its petroleum products, mainly for the transport sector.

Laos is positioning itself as a green hydrogen hub in Southeast Asia, leveraging its vast, low-cost hydropower (~80% of its energy mix) to produce fuel, with an estimated production cost of 2.18/kg possible by 2030. The country is developing a National Green Hydrogen and Ammonia Roadmap to guide this, with projects underway like a 1.2 billion THB plant contracted by TTCL Public Company Limited. Geodyn Solutions has proposed a $22.2 billion investment program to scale up hydropower to 20 GW by 2035, partly to support green technology adoption.

As of 2026, there is no information indicating that Laos, a landlocked country, is actually producing green hydrogen.

Kyrgyzstan’s energy mix is defined by a heavy reliance on hydropower for electricity and fossil fuels (oil and coal) for total energy consumption. While the country is a leader in low-carbon electricity, it remains dependent on imports for nearly all its natural gas and oil needs. Oil is the largest single source in the total supply, almost entirely imported (90%+) from Russia and Kazakhstan.

Kyrgyzstan is actively pursuing green hydrogen development to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, focusing on leveraging its significant hydropower, solar, and wind potential. The government is partnering with international entities like Germany and the World Bank to boost renewable energy and explore green hydrogen for industrial and transport decarbonization, aiming for energy self-sufficiency by 2030.

As highlighted in this IRENA report, green hydrogen is seen as essential for regional industrial decarbonization, with pilot projects and infrastructure development being critical next steps.

As of 2026 Kyrgyzstan is not known to be producing green hydrogen.

Kuwait’s energy mix is almost entirely dominated by fossil fuels, which account for over 99% of its primary energy consumption. The country is currently undergoing a strategic shift to replace oil with natural gas for domestic power generation to free up crude oil for export and reduce carbon emissions. Renewables remain negligible, primarily consisting of solar and wind.

Kuwait is actively pursuing a green hydrogen strategy, aiming to establish 25 GW of capacity and 17 GW of renewable energy by 2050 to diversify its economy and meet sustainability goals. KBR, a global engineering firm, is currently developing a 18-month masterplan for the Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) to integrate these technologies for both domestic industrial use and export. While currently in the planning phase, this shift is critical for Kuwait to align with global carbon neutrality commitments and reduce its carbon footprint. Although the country has traditionally relied on oil, this move signals a major shift toward developing a sustainable energy portfolio, leveraging its high potential for solar energy generation.

South Korea’s energy mix is currently dominated by fossil fuels, which account for approximately 60% of electricity generation as of early 2025. However, the country is undergoing a major transition to Carbon-Free Energy (CFE), with a strategic goal to make 70% of its power generation carbon-free by 2038.

South Korea relies on imports for nearly 98% of its fossil fuel consumption, making it highly vulnerable to global price volatility.

South Korea is aggressively advancing a green hydrogen economy to achieve 2050 carbon neutrality, investing in infrastructure for production, storage, and mobility. Key initiatives include developing Jeju Island as a hub with commercial production, boosting fuel cell vehicles (approx. 40,000 units), and launching major 1GW projects led by Hyundai. While importing roughly 80% of its hydrogen needs, the country is expanding domestic production, with Jeju Island hosting the nation’s first commercial green hydrogen refueling station and aiming for 30 MW capacity.

Hyundai is developing a 1GW green hydrogen project, including Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer manufacturing, as part of a massive, multi-year investment package. The government is establishing “hydrogen cities” where hydrogen powers buildings and transportation. Around 40,000 hydrogen vehicles are currently in operation, with plans for further expansion.

The government is fostering the sector with, for instance, the world’s first hydrogen-based power bidding market. New regulations include a strict “clean hydrogen standard” of 4kg CO₂
equivalent per kg of hydrogen. Despite its advancements, South Korea faces high domestic production costs and relies heavily on imports for its green hydrogen.

Korea National Oil Corporation has located five promising sites for, or occurrences of, natural hydrogen, with investigations ongoing. Korea is simultaneously investing heavily in liquefied hydrogen storage and hydrogen-powered vehicles (FCEVs).

Based on available reports as of early 2026, South Korea has not confirmed the discovery of commercially viable white (natural) hydrogen deposits, but it is actively investigating its potential.

North Korea relies primarily on coal and hydropower for its energy, which together account for the vast majority of its domestic electricity production. Hydropower is the dominant source of electricity, accounting for approximately 53% to 76% of total generation. Coal is North Korea’s most abundant indigenous energy resource, primarily in the form of anthracite. There has been a significant surge in private solar panel use by households and small businesses. Estimates suggest over 55% of households may now use small photovoltaic systems. Larger state-run installations, such as the Sinuiju Solar Power Station, are also being developed.

North Korea has not made any significant, official advancements or announcements regarding green hydrogen production.

Kiribati’s energy mix is dominated by imported fossil fuels, primarily diesel for electricity generation, but it is actively transitioning to renewables, with solar power providing nearly 17% of its electricity as of 2022. The country relies heavily on petroleum for transport, while solar and biomass are used for cooking and lighting in outer islands. Solar Power is the dominant renewable source, growing in usage through PV systems for both residential and utility-scale projects.

Kiribati is exploring green hydrogen technology as a strategic, long-term solution to decarbonize its power generation and transportation sectors. Feasibility studies, such as those focusing on Tarawa, are investigating the integration of green hydrogen within hybrid microgrids to enhance renewable energy penetration. The country is actively exploring how green hydrogen can replace fossil fuels in transportation and electricity generation.

As of 2026 Kiribati does not have a dedicated green hydrogen strategy.

Kenya’s energy landscape is defined by a high reliance on biomass for overall consumption and a world-leading renewable-dominant electricity sector. As of early 2026, renewable sources—primarily geothermal, hydro, and wind—account for 90% to 92% of Kenya’s electricity generation.

Kenya is the seventh-largest geothermal producer globally and the largest in Africa. Its grid-connected capacity stood at approximately 3,840.8 MW as of June 2025.

Kenya is positioning itself as a leader in African green hydrogen, leveraging its massive geothermal, wind, and solar resources—which already provide over 90% of its electricity. The government’s Green Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap targets the first commercial-scale projects to be operational by 2027.

As of 2024, Kazakhstan’s energy mix remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels, which account for approximately 85% of its electricity generation. Coal continues to be the dominant source, primarily due to the country’s vast domestic reserves and low extraction costs.

Kazakhstan is positioning itself as a global hub for green hydrogen, leveraging its vast wind and solar potential to target carbon neutrality by 2060. As of early 2026, the country has progressed from conceptual planning to concrete international investment agreements and pilot projects. These include Hyrasia One (Svevind Energy Group), which aims to produce up to 2 million tons of green hydrogen annually (or 11 million tons of ammonia); YPP Corporation (South Korea) a $3.1 billion framework agreement signed in July 2025 to build a green energy complex. The project will utilize 2 GW of wind and solar power to produce 75,000 tons of green hydrogen and 310,000 tons of green ammonia annually for domestic use and export; Eurasian Resources Group is building a $1.2 billion hydrogen-ready direct-reduced-iron (DRI) plant in Rudny, Green Iron Plant (ERG). Scheduled for commissioning in 2029, it will transition from natural gas to hydrogen as it becomes commercially viable. Germany established a dedicated Hydrogen Diplomacy Office in Astana to strengthen ties and facilitate technology transfer. Recent high-level discussions in February 2026 reaffirmed commitments to developing logistics corridors for hydrogen export to Europe. Kazakhstan and the EU have a strategic partnership focused on sustainable raw materials and renewable hydrogen. The country aims to meet approximately one-fifth of the EU’s projected import demand for green hydrogen by 2030. China Energy Corporation is interested in localizing production and creating regional hydrogen clusters.

The Ministry of Energy’s national hydrogen development concept through 2030 outlines several milestones:
2026: Initial use of hydrogen in combined-cycle power plants.
2027: Introduction of hydrogen into public transport systems.
2028: Launch of the first hydrogen filling stations.

Kazakhstan is exploring the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route and pipeline options through the Caspian Sea to transport hydrogen (primarily in the form of ammonia) to global markets.