Nicaragua has significantly shifted its energy matrix toward renewable sources, which currently account for approximately 62.4% to 80% of its electricity generation, depending on the season and specific reporting period. As of early 2025, the country continues to expand its “clean” energy share, with a particular focus on solar energy to further reduce its reliance on imported oil. The Nicaraguan government has set a target of 65% renewable generation by 2030. Electrification Rate: Nicaragua has achieved an electricity coverage rate of 99.5% as of late 2024, one of the highest in Central America.

Nicaragua is positioning itself for green hydrogen development by leveraging its high renewable energy capacity, which reached approximately 69% of electricity generation by 2021. The country is focusing on expanding solar, wind, and geothermal projects to power potential electrolyzer infrastructure. The growing global interest in green hydrogen, combined with Nicaragua’s favorable geographic and natural resources, highlights its potential in the emerging green hydrogen market.

As of 2026, there is no information indicating that Nicaragua is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

New Zealand’s energy mix is characterized by a high proportion of renewable sources for electricity, though fossil fuels continue to dominate total primary energy supply (TPES) due to their use in transport and industry. As of 2024, renewable energy reached a record high of 45.5% of the total primary energy supply.

New Zealand is actively developing a green hydrogen economy to decarbonize “hard-to-abate” sectors like heavy transport, aviation, and industrial processing. Leveraging its abundant renewable energy, the country aims to transition from a net energy importer to a green energy exporter by 2050.

Major Projects & Infrastructure

• Hiringa Energy Refuelling Network: Building a nationwide network for heavy transport. Stations are already operational in Auckland (Wiri), Hamilton, and Palmerston North, with more planned to cover 95% of North Island freight routes.
• Kapuni Green Hydrogen Project: A partnership between Ballance Agrinutrients and Hiringa Energy to produce green ammonia for fertilizer and hydrogen for transport using wind energy.
• Halcyon Power: A joint venture between Tūaropaki Trust and Obayashi Corporation, operating New Zealand’s first commercial-scale green hydrogen plant powered by geothermal energy in Taupō.

New Zealand is also exploring “white” (natural) hydrogen, with research ongoing into undersea seeps in Fiordland that continuously generate gas through geological processes.

The Netherlands has undergone a rapid shift in its energy mix, with renewable sources (primarily wind and solar) providing over 52% of electricity generation for the first time in 2024 and 2025. Despite this progress in the power sector, the total national energy supply—including heating and transport—remains heavily dependent on fossil fuels.

For the period from July 2024 to June 2025, the electricity mix reached a near-equal split between low-carbon and fossil sources. The Netherlands has one of the highest solar panel densities globally.

The Netherlands is rapidly positioning itself as a central European hub for green hydrogen, driven by a national strategy to reach 4 GW of electrolysis capacity by 2030 and 8 GW by 2032. While currently small—representing only 0.02% of the national energy mix as of early 2025—the sector is accelerating through massive subsidy rounds and the rollout of a national hydrogen “backbone.” The government aims for 500 MW of installed capacity by 2025 and 4 GW by 2030.

Major Infrastructure & Projects

• National Hydrogen Network: Managed by Hynetwork (a Gasunie subsidiary), the first 32km segment in Rotterdam was completed in August 2025. A full national network connecting industrial clusters and neighboring countries (Germany and Belgium) is now expected to be fully ready by 2033.
• Holland Hydrogen 1 (Shell): Located in Rotterdam, this 200 MW project is set to be one of Europe’s largest. It secured a temporary grid connection in late 2024 to begin operations by 2025.
• Eemshydrogen (RWE): A 100 MW electrolyzer project in Eemshaven, powered by the OranjeWind offshore wind farm, recently secured key permits and €551 million in SDE++ funding.
• Underground Storage: The “National Agenda for Underground Hydrogen Storage” (July 2025) outlines plans for 3–4 large-scale storage facilities in salt caverns in the North and Northeast

Nepal’s energy mix is characterized by a stark contrast between its total energy consumption, which is dominated by traditional biomass, and its electricity sector, which is almost entirely renewable.

Biofuels and Waste (approx. 65-66%): Traditional biomass—primarily firewood, agricultural residues, and animal dung—remains the largest energy source. It is used by over 60% of rural households for cooking and heating.

All petroleum is imported, mainly from India. It is the second-largest fuel source, used primarily for transportation (62%) and as a secondary cooking fuel (LPG).

Nepal has achieved nearly 98% electrification as of 2025, a massive increase from just 51% a decade ago. The power grid is one of the “cleanest” in the world. Hydropower (approx. 95-98%) is the backbone of the national grid. Nepal has an estimated 42,000 MW of economically viable hydro potential. Nepal aims to export 15,000 MW by 2035.

Nepal is actively developing a green hydrogen economy to utilize its surplus monsoon hydropower, aiming to decarbonize its transport and industrial sectors while reducing fossil fuel dependency. With 42,000 MW of techno-economic hydropower capacity, Nepal can produce green hydrogen from excess electricity, particularly during the monsoon season.

The Green Hydrogen Lab (GHLab) at Kathmandu University, supported by the Nepal Oil Corporation, is developing pilot projects and, as of late 2025, is collaborating with Korea’s G-Philos on a $51 million commercial-scale hydrogen and fuel cell plant.

Nauru’s energy mix is almost entirely dependent on imported fossil fuels, primarily diesel, which accounts for approximately 90–95% of its electricity generation. The remaining portion is supplied by solar energy.

Nauru is actively integrating green hydrogen into its long-term strategy to achieve 100% renewable energy by 2050. The island’s approach focuses on utilizing its abundant solar resources to produce carbon-free fuel, potentially serving as a model for other Pacific island nations.

In August 2025, a $1 billion investment proposal from China was announced, which specifically includes the development of renewable energy and green transport projects in Nauru. The country expects to reach 50% renewable energy in 2026 through the expansion of small-scale solar farms, providing the necessary renewable electricity base for future hydrogen electrolysis.

International partners like Masdar have already implemented solar projects on the island, laying the groundwork for integrated renewable systems

Nauru is a participant in the Pacific Hydrogen Strategy, a regional initiative aimed at mapping energy resources and infrastructure to establish a hydrogen economy across Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs).

Namibia’s energy mix is currently dominated by imported electricity and petroleum products, while domestic power generation is primarily driven by hydropower. As of early 2026, the country is aggressively shifting toward a “green energy hub” model, targeting 70% renewable energy in its electricity mix by 2030. Domestic generation remains insufficient to meet total demand, forcing Namibia to import approximately 60% of its electricity from South Africa (Eskom), Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

Namibia is positioning itself as a global leader in green hydrogen, leveraging its vast solar and wind resources to target a production of 10 to 12 million metric tons annually by 2050. The government’s strategy centers on creating three “hydrogen valleys” along its coast to drive industrialization, economic diversification, and global exports.

The industry is currently transitioning from planning to early implementation with several flagship initiatives:

• Hyphen Hydrogen Energy: A $10 billion project in the Tsau ǁKhaeb National Park, developed by Enertrag and Nicholas Holdings. It aims to produce 2 million tons of green ammonia annually by 2030 for export to Europe and Asia. In late 2024, the Namibian government acquired a 24% stake in the venture.
• HyIron Oshivela: Located in the Namib Desert, this is the world’s first industrial-scale plant using green hydrogen to produce emissions-free iron. It launched pilot operations in early 2025 with plans to scale to 2 million metric tons by 2030.
• Cleanergy Solutions: A joint venture between CMB.TECH and Ohlthaver & List that recently inaugurated Africa’s first green hydrogen refueling station in Walvis Bay in May 2024.
• Daures Green Hydrogen Village: A community-led pilot project focusing on green ammonia for sustainable agriculture and fertilizer production.

As of 2026 there’s no information indicating that Namibia is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

White hydrogen has been found in Namibia.

Myanmar’s energy mix is dominated by biomass (traditional wood burning) for total energy supply and a combination of hydropower and natural gas for electricity generation.

Myanmar is identified as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale green hydrogen production in the ASEAN region due to its vast untapped renewable energy resources, particularly solar and hydropower. The 2021 military coup led to a collapse in foreign financing and severe electricity blackouts, stalling major renewable energy developments.

As of 2026 no information is available indicating that Myanmar is actually producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

Mozambique’s energy mix is characterized by a high reliance on traditional biomass for domestic consumption, while its electricity generation is dominated by hydropower, making it one of the greenest power grids in Southern Africa. Bioenergy (Biomass & Waste): Accounts for approximately 64% to 80% of total energy use. Nearly 95% of the population relies on wood and charcoal for cooking.

Mozambique is positioning itself as a major green hydrogen producer in Southern Africa, with a goal to start mass production by 2030. The country’s strategy leverages its vast renewable energy resources, including the continent’s largest hydroelectric potential and high solar irradiation.

As of 2024–2025, the government is defining specific production and consumption targets under its $80 billion Energy Transition Strategy. In March 2025, the Mozambican government and Germany’s KfW Development Bank signed a €500,000 agreement to fund a 6 to 9-month feasibility study for green hydrogen production. The $4.5 to 6 billion Mphanda Nkuwa Hydropower Project, a 1,500 MW dam is being developed by a consortium led by EDF and TotalEnergies. It’s expected to be completed by 2031.

While Mozambique’s projects are undeniable, no information is available indicating that as of 2026 it is actually green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

Morocco is currently undergoing a rapid energy transition, moving from a heavy reliance on imported fossil fuels toward a diversified mix dominated by renewable sources. As of late 2025, renewable energy has reached 46% of the national electricity mix, a significant jump from 37% in 2021. While renewables are expanding quickly, coal remains the single largest contributor to actual power generation due to the base-load requirements of the grid.

Morocco is rapidly positioning itself as a global leader in green hydrogen, leveraging abundant solar and wind resources to target becoming a major exporter to Europe. The country has launched “Offre Maroc,” a strategic initiative offering 1.5 million acres of land for renewable projects, with over $32 billion in green hydrogen and ammonia projects recently approved.

As of 2026 there’s no information indicating that Morocco is producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.

Montenegro’s energy mix is dominated by hydropower and coal, which together typically provide over 90% of its electricity. In 2025, the country is undergoing a significant temporary shift as its only coal plant is shut down for reconstruction, pushing the renewable share of domestic production to an estimated 80%.

Montenegro is strategically positioning itself as a regional pioneer in the green hydrogen sector, recently adopting a Green Hydrogen Development Program with a specific 2026–2028 Action Plan. The country views green hydrogen as a key tool for long-term decarbonization, particularly in sectors where direct electrification is difficult.

As of 2026 there’s no information indicating that Montenegro is actually producing green hydrogen from electrolysis of seawater.